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Dry-Ice-ite?
You are here: MineralCollecting.org >> Posted Articles >> Article 35

by William G. Lyon
Article Title: Dry-Ice-ite?
Email: jblyon@wilnet1.com
Friday, March 1, 2002

Article Content: Recently, a new mineralogical oddity has been reported to inhabit tiny inclusions in natural diamond at room temperature: solid carbon dioxide, better known as dry ice. This may strike the unwary as highly improbable, but yet...

The critical temperature and pressure of carbon dioxide are 31 C and 72.8 atm, respectively. Above this temperature, CO2 cannot even be liquified, no matter how high the pressure. Therefore, solid CO2 could not exist above 31 C either; room temperature is closer to 25 C, however. Below 31 C there is a chance that CO2 can be liquified and perhaps even solidified if the pressures are high enough.

Inside the diamond, the reported inclusions containing solid CO2 are thought to be sustaining static pressures of approximately 50 kbars (approximately 50,000 atmospheres) pressure to maintain the CO2 in its solid form. This would be the highest pressure ever recorded inside an inclusion. The immense pressures of CO2 required to form such inclusions in a diamond at its original depth (ca. 200+ km) are thought to have been provided by reactions involving subducted sediments containing carbonates (e.g., CaCO3 + SiO2 = CO2 + CaSiO3). It was also necessary that the CO2, once generated, did not come into contact with minerals such as pyroxenes with which it could react.

*M. Schrauder and O. Navon, 1993, Solid Carbon Dioxide in a Natural Diamond, Nature v. 365, p. 42-44.

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